Robinson v. Lorillard Corp.’s Empirical Analysis
444 F.2d 791 · 1971
Citation profile
332 federal appellate · 45 district · 38 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 626 later decisions (7 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2015 · most notably McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green (1973), International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States (1977)
332 federal appellate · 45 district · 38 state decisions — followed in 21 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Newman v. Piggie Park Enterprises, Inc. · Magna Oil Corp. v. Bateson · Johnson v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 626 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he applicable test is not merely whether there exists a business purpose for adhering to a challenged practice. The test is whether there exists an overriding legitimate business purpose such that the practice is necessary to the safe and efficient operation of the business. Thus, the business purpose must be sufficiently compelling to override any racial impact; the challenged practice must effectively carry out the business purpose it is alleged to serve; and there must be available no acceptable alternative policies or practices which would better accomplish the business purpose advanced, or accomplish it equally well with a lesser differential impact.”
33 later decisions quote this exact passage“not rights which can be bargained away either by a union, by an employer, or by both acting in concert.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage“every final judgment shall grant the relief to which the party in whose favor it is rendered is entitled, even if the party has not demanded such relief in his pleadings.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.