444 F. Supp. 545 - Benner v. Oswald’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
4 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 7 U.S.C. § 301 (Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994)
Relies on McGowan v. State of Maryland Gallagher · Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co. · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia · Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 7 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(t)he level of tuition is based upon estimates of expense and of income from other sources, including the estimated amount of the state appropriation, endowment income, recovery of indirect costs on government contracts and other miscellaneous sources.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Benner v. Oswald“by the Commonwealth in Penn State's affairs is present and, under Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, 365 U.S. 715 , 81 S.Ct. 856, 6 L.Ed.2d 45 (1961), Penn State's actions are”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Benner v. Oswald“If the former situation is found to exist, all of the entity's actions are state actions and a nexus between any state regulation and the action need not be shown.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Benner v. Oswald
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.