Ybarra v. Illinois’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
959 federal appellate · 181 district · 1,856 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,729 later decisions (53 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2026 · most notably United States v. Leon (1984), Payton v. New York (1980)
959 federal appellate · 181 district · 1,856 state decisions — followed in 48 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Katz v. United States · Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Brinegar v. United States
Cited together with Terry v. Ohio · Illinois v. Gates · Sibron v. State of New York Peters · Adams v. Williams · Michigan v. Summers
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,729 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] person's mere propinquity to others independently suspected of criminal activity does not, without more, give rise to probable cause to search that person.”
229 later decisions quote this exact passage“The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Doe v. Renfrow · Llaguno v. Mingey“The officer need not be absolutely certain that the individual is armed; the issue is whether a reasonably prudent man in the circumstances would be warranted in the belief that his safety or that of others was in danger.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.