Darcel L. Bright v. Donald I. Isenbarger’s Empirical Analysis
445 F.2d 412 · 1971
Citation profile
19 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2004 · most notably Aberdeen & Rockfish R. Co. v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures (SCRAP) (1975), Cohen v. Illinois Institute of Technology (1975)
19 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · Hall v. Garson · Coleman ex rel. Coleman v. Wagner College · 294 F. Supp. 134 - Colon v. Tompkins Square Neighbors, Inc. · 317 F. Supp. 1122 - McQueen v. Druker
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Almost all applications of the Fourteenth Amendment to private conduct based upon a finding of ‘state action’ have involved an attack upon ‘private’ racial discrimination. Although no court has held that a different (less demanding) standard of what constitutes ‘sufficient’ state involvement is applicable where there are allegations of racial discrimination, the fact that only a handful of the successful ‘state action’ cases have not involved challenges to racial discrimination and the considerations of diversity and pluralism suggest this possibility.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“In contrast, Indiana was not so significantly involved in the affairs of Central Catholic High School that these expulsions could justifiably be deemed state action.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.