Friend v. Leidinger’s Empirical Analysis
1977
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions — most recently November 1996 · most notably Henson v. City of Dundee (1982), Guardians Association of New York City Police Department Inc v. Civil Service Commission of City of New York (1980)
14 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 713 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 715 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Washington v. Davis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“employer knows or should know of the condition and permits it to continue without attempting to `discourage' it.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““The Court is of the opinion that whatever effect these various guidelines have upon the agencies promulgating them, they are not legally binding upon either the parties to this suit or the Court. The Court can and will use both sets of guidelines as an aid to determining if either party has carried its burden of proof under Title VII, but although these guidelines are of great value as the interpretation of the law by government agencies charged with the duty of enforcing the law, the Court will not be bound by one set of guidelines over another, but only by what the Court deems as reasonable in this case.” 446 F.Supp. at 369 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Negroes who have, within the applicable period of the statute of limitations, been discriminated against with respect to employment practices by defendants and who (a) are presently employed in the Fire Department of the City of Richmond, or (b) formerly have been employed in the Fire Department of the City of Richmond.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Friend v. Leidinger
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.