United States v. Washington’s Empirical Analysis
447 F.2d 308 · 1970
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 2 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently July 1998 · most notably United States v. William A. Hines, United States of America v. Theodore M. Ware (1972), United States v. Seawell (1977)
16 federal appellate · 2 district · 15 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Allen v. United States · Gotthelf v. Commissioner · Industrial National Bank of Rhode Island v. Wingate Corp. · Balistrieri v. United States · Ruffalo v. Mahoning County Bar Ass'n
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 35 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The ordinary on-the-scene confrontation also has great merit in that it operates at a time when the events and facts are fresh in mind and the accused ordinarily has no opportunity to change his clothing or personal appearance. All this is conducive to a high degree of accuracy in a form of identification that can at best be difficult when memories have been blurred by the passage of time and alleged suspects drastically change their appearance. Certainly, identifications conducted on the scene may contain certain elements of suggestiveness but this point can be argued to the jury.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. In re F.G. · In Re FG
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.