Melvin Carter v. John R. Carlson’s Empirical Analysis
447 F.2d 358 · 1971
Citation profile
126 federal appellate · 62 district · 34 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 337 later decisions (10 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2022 · most notably Parratt v. Taylor (1981), Butz v. Economou (1978)
126 federal appellate · 62 district · 34 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Relies on Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Monroe v. Pape · Pierson v. Ray · William Marbury v. James Madison · Screws v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 337 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“determining whether a particular governmental function falls within the scope of official immunity,”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage“the law is clear that an arresting officer has no immunity from suit for torts committed in the course of making an arrest”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State . . . subjects . . . any citizen of the United States . . . to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.