Hardwick v. Ault’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 4 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 24 later decisions — most recently August 1991
12 federal appellate · 4 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Wolff v. McDonnell · Bounds v. Smith · Procunier v. Martinez · Meachum v. Fano · Trop v. Dulles
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 24 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The method now used by the state to choose which prisoner shall leave [segregated confinement] is the epitome of arbitrary state action forbidden by the Fourteenth Amendment. [Ijnmates are expected to comport with a certain standard of behavior, but they are not told or given a written explanation of what that standard is. Procedural due process requires, as a minimum, that notice be given of the rules. . . . Under these circumstances, simple fairness requires that the rules be written and that they create objective criteria by which to gauge the progress of an . inmate.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“prison officials must follow scrupulously their own regulations”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Hernandez v. Estelle
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.