Illinois v. Vitale’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
544 federal appellate · 57 district · 1,403 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,249 later decisions (37 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2026 · most notably United States v. Dixon (1993), United States v. DiFrancesco (1980)
544 federal appellate · 57 district · 1,403 state decisions — followed in 45 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Blockburger v. United States · North Carolina v. Pearce · Benton v. Maryland · Brown v. Ohio · Green v. United States
Cited together with Blockburger v. United States · Brown v. Ohio · North Carolina v. Pearce · Grady v. Corbin · Ashe v. Swenson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,249 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The applicable rule is that where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whether each provision requires proof of a fact which the other does not.”
122 later decisions quote this exact passage“a separate offense distinct from its various elements.”
21 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“as a matter of Illinois law, a careless failure to slow is always a necessary element of manslaughter by automobile,”
19 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.