State v. Spence’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

5 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Officer Street of the Lakeland Police Department, an officer with seven years’ experience, was on duty at a Lakeland Civil Center rock concert. He had made numerous marijuana arrests at the civil center. A typical rock concert produces twenty to thirty marijuana arrests. He was accompanied by Detective Hunley of the Lakeland Police Department who was likewise fully experienced in the area of narcotics crimes. Detective Hunley had made approximately ninety arrests for possession of marijuana at the civil center, and ninety to ninety-ñve percent had involved rolling paper. Prior to the start of the concert, the two officers observed respondent hand rolling cigarettes. The cigarette were twisted on the ends. In addition to observing respondent rolling, licking, and twisting the cigarettes, the officers noticed that respondent was carefully concealing her activity and invariably stopped her activities whenever passerby approached. Detective Hunley was also convinced that the material being used was marijuana. In all but one case where he had seized hand rolled cigarettes they contained marijuana. [Emphasis added].”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Veira