In Re ETC’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
34 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions — most recently September 2025 · most notably 191 Ill. 2d 37 - In Re GO (2000), State v. Badger (1982)
34 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Fare v. Michael C. · United States v. Southwestern Cable Co. · Lewis v. State · Commonwealth v. Smith · Commonwealth v. Roane
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) he must be given the opportunity to consult with an adult; (2) that adult must be one who is not only genuinely interested in the welfare of the juvenile but completely independent from and disassociated with the prosecution, e.g., a parent, legal guardian, or attorney representing the juvenile; and (3) the independent interested adult must be informed and be aware of the rights guaranteed to the juvenile.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Piper · In Re JB“The concept of establishing different standards for a. juvenile is an accepted legal principle since minors generally hold a subordinate and protected status in our legal system. There are legally and socially recognized differences between the presumed responsibility of adults and minors. Indeed the juvenile justice system ... is substantially different in philosophy and procedure from the-adult system. This State, like all the others, has recognized the fact that juveniles many times lack the capacity and responsibility to realize the full consequences of their actions. As a result of this recognition minors are unable to execute a binding contract, unable to convey real property, and unable to marry of their own free will. It would indeed be inconsistent and unjust to hold that one whom the State deems incapable of being able to marry, purchase alcoholic beverages, or even donate their own blood, should be compelled to stand on the same footing as an adult when asked to waive important . . . rights at a time most critical to him in an atmosphere most foreign and unfamiliar.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Piper · In Re MA“[t]here was no meaningful consultation by the [interested adult] with the juvenile as [a meaningful consultation] could only occur in the absence of police pressures.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.