Smith v. Lomax’s Empirical Analysis
45 F.3d 402 · 1995
Citation profile
46 federal appellate · 34 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 167 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. AIC Security Investigations, Ltd. (1995), Hill v. Borough of Kutztown (2006)
46 federal appellate · 34 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 29 U.S.C. § 630 (§ 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp. · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Washington v. Davis · Forrester v. White
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 167 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The relief granted under Title VII is against the employer, not individual employees whose actions would constitute a violation of the Act.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“We need not engage in a lengthy discussion of the patently obvious illegality of racial discrimination in public employment at the time the [defendants] voted to replace [the plaintiff]. As we stated in Yeldell, “it can hardly be argued that in ... 1989, when the events leading up to this lawsuit [took] place ... intentional race discrimination in the workplace” did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. ... Given the clear state of the law prohibiting racial discrimination in public employment at the time the Board voted to replace [the plaintiff], no reasonable commissioner, with the information possessed by [the defendants], would have believed that his or her discriminatory actions were constitutional.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“[T]he background principles of respondeat superior and the specific definition of `employer' support the conclusion that Congress intended to hold employers, but not individual employees, liable for acts of discrimination in employment [under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29 U.S.C. § 621 , et seq. (”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.