Bowers v. Hechtman’s Empirical Analysis
1891
Citation profile
4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 5 later decisions — most recently October 1933
4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Kelly v. Calhoun · Groff v. Ramsey · City of Faribault v. Misener · Morrison v. March · Yoss v. De Freudenrich
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The secretary who attested the execution of the instrument, and affixed the corporate seal to it, was not a mere subscribing witness, as respondent assumes. He, as much or more than the vice-president, executed the instrument in behalf of the corporation. In fact, the officer or agent who, in behalf of the corporation, affixes the common seal to an instrument, is, in the absence of any statutory provision, deemed the party executing it. He also stands in the relation of a subscribing witness to the execution of the deed by the corporation, and is the proper party to be examined or to make affidavit to prove that the seal affixed by him was the corporate seal, and that it was affixed by authority of the board of directors. Lovett v. Association, 6 Paige, 60 ; Kelly v. Calhoun, 95 U.S. 710 . * * *”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.