majority">Thompson, J.

— This was an action upon four promissory notes by the indorsees of the same against the maker. The answer admits the execution of the notes, but sets up as a defense that the defendant, prior to the institution of the suit, had paid them to the original payee, without notice of their assignment. The evidence showed without dispute that the notes were assigned by the original payee to these plaintiffs before maturity, in consideration of another debt, evidenced by two promissory notes of the payee and his wife to these plaintiffs. The notes were sent by the original payee to these plaintiffs in a letter, in which he did not state whether he sent them in payment or as collateral security for the indebtedness which he owed them, evidenced by the former notes. They, however, replied, accepting them as collateral security, which letter the payee claims never to have received. Afterwards, one of these notes becoming due, the plaintiffs sent it to Fuller Ballard, the original payee, for collection. He endeavored to collect it without success, and thereafter returned it to the plaintiffs. All this is shown by correspondence which is put in evidence, and which is not questioned. It is undisputed that the defendant, when he paid these notes to Fuller Ballard, the original payee, had notice that they had been assigned. It may be added, that, in point of fact, the notes were negotiable ; so that, if they had been described in the petition as negotiable instruments, it would have been an immaterial issue whether the defendant had this notice or not.

The theory of the defense, in so far as it has any theory, seems to be that the notes were sent by Fuller Ballard to the plaintiffs in payment of his indebtedness *247to them; that the plaintiffs never accepted them in payment, and consequently that they remained the property of Fuller Ballard, and that he had the right to accept payment of them from defendant, and that such payment exonerates the defendant. The evidence utterly fails to substantiate this defense. Fuller Ballard indeed- testifies that he sent them in payment; but in view of the fact that the entire transaction is evidenced by his own letter, it must be regarded that this statement of his is the statement of a mere assumption or conclusion on his part, and not evidence in the face of his letter. This letter shows that he neither sent them in payment nor as collateral security by any definite expression ; but that he merely turned them over to the plaintiffs as the only assets which he had. This merely shows that Fuller Ballard parted with the notes to the plaintiffs upon a good consideration, and whether in payment or as collateral security for his previous indebtedness to them, is wholly immaterial to the rights of this defendant. It may raise a question as between the plaintiffs and Fuller Ballard, but with this defendant has nothing to do. Upon the undisputed evidence, these plaintiffs are the lawful holders of the notes, and were such at the time when the defendant paid them to Fuller Ballard, and, consequently, when he paid them, he so paid them in his own wrong, or rather did not pay them at all. We need not go into the declarations of law which were given and refused by the court, because the evidence shows no defense whatever to the action, and the plaintiffs are entitled to judgment upon the record.

It is ordered that the judgment of the circuit court be reversed and the cause remanded, with directions to that court to enter judgment in favor of the plaintiffs . upon the notes according to their tenor.

All the judges, concur.

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