Commonwealth v. Milliken’s Empirical Analysis
1973
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 154 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 159 later decisions — most recently October 2020 · most notably Commonwealth v. Grant (2002), Commonwealth v. Riggins (1977)
3 federal appellate · 154 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Aguilar v. Texas · Spinelli v. United States · Adams v. Williams · Johnson v. United States · Dickey v. Florida
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 159 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Although an affidavit may be based on hearsay information and need not reflect the direct personal observations of affiant, ... the magistrate must be informed of some of the underlying circumstances from which informant concluded that the narcotics were where he claimed they were, and some of the underlying circumstances from which the officer concluded that the informant, whose identity need not be disclosed ... was credible or his information reliable, (citations omitted).”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage““First, in order to assure that the ‘tip’ is not merely an unsupported rumor, the officer must know the underlying circumstances from which the informer concluded that the suspect possessed the fruits or evidence of a crime. Second, in order to reduce the possibility that a ‘tip’ meeting the first standard is merely a well-constructed fabrication, the officer must have some reasonable basis for concluding that the source of the ‘tip’ was reliable. Spinelli v. United States, 893 U.S. 410 , 415-16, 89 S.Ct. 584, 588-90 , 21 L.Ed.2d 637 (1969); Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108, 114-15 , 84 S. Ct. 1509, 1514 , 12 L.Ed.2d 723 (1964); Commonwealth v. Matthews, 446 Pa. 65, 70 , 285 A.2d 510, 512 (1971).””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[b] ecause this issue is not one of constitutional proportions, the rule will be wholly prospective and thus not applicable to the case at bar.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.