Weaver v. Graham’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
1,235 federal appellate · 303 district · 2,149 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 4,723 later decisions (37 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2026 · most notably Landgraf v. USI Film Products (1994), 660 So. 2d 1189 - State Ex Rel. Glover v. State (1995)
1,235 federal appellate · 303 district · 2,149 state decisions — followed in 49 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Wolff v. McDonnell · Dobbert v. Florida · United States Railroad Retirement Board v. Fritz · Calder et Wife, v. Bull et Wife.
Cited together with Miller v. Florida · Dobbert v. Florida · Collins v. Youngblood · California Department of Corrections v. Morales · Lindsey v. State of Washington
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 4,723 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“which imposes a punishment for an act which was not punishable at the time it was committed; or imposes additional punishment to that then prescribed.”
289 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]wo critical elements must be present for a criminal or penal law to be ex post facto: it must be retrospective, that is, it must apply to events occurring before its enactment, and it must disadvantage the offender affected by it.”
106 later decisions quote this exact passage“No State shall ... pass any ... ex post facto Law....”
25 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Russell v. Gregoire · Evans v. Ray
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.