Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
8,469 federal appellate · 5,199 district · 2,742 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32,099 later decisions (96 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2026 · most notably Batson v. Kentucky (1986), St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks (1993)
8,469 federal appellate · 5,199 district · 2,742 state decisions — followed in 47 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedBurdine v. Texas Department of Community Affairs (from Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters · United Steelworkers of America v. Weber
Cited together with McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · United States Postal Service Board of Governors v. Aikens · Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters · St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32,099 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“to articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the employee's rejection.”
1,716 later decisions quote this exact passage“the defendant bears only the burden of explaining clearly the nondiscriminatory reasons for its actions.”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage“the trial court must judge the [State's] prima facie case against the [defense's] rebuttal to determine whether the [State] has carried the ultimate burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the [defense] exercised its peremptory challenges on constitutionally-impermissible grounds of presumed group bias.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage
How later courts have treated this case
Across 21 classified citations — whether each later court relied on, limited, or rejected this decision:
- 12explained
- 9followed
Treatment is classified from each citing court's own sentence. This is a running sample — coverage grows as the classification pass proceeds; overrulings are also tracked authoritatively in the case status.