Tolbert v. Bragan’s Empirical Analysis
451 F.2d 1020 · 1971
Citation profile
31 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866)
Relies on Isbell Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizens Casualty Co. of New York · Collum v. Butler · Wiltsie v. California Department of Corrections · Allison v. California Adult Authority
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(s)evere physical abuse of prisoners by their keepers without cause or provocation”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Williams v. Kelley
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.