United States v. Jacksonville Terminal Co.’s Empirical Analysis
451 F.2d 418 · 1971
Citation profile
204 federal appellate · 3 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 304 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2016 · most notably International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States (1977), Washington v. Davis (1976)
204 federal appellate · 3 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 707 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · United States v. W. T. Grant Co. · Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad · Magna Oil Corp. v. Bateson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 304 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Necessity connotes an irresistible demand. To be preserved, the seniority and transfer system must not only directly foster safety and efficiency of a plant, but also be essential to those goals. . . . If the legitimate ends of safety and efficiency can be served by a reasonably available alternative system with less discriminatory effects, then the present policies may not be continued.”
26 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that any person or group of persons is engaged in a pattern or practice of resistance to the full enjoyment of any of the rights secured by this subchapter, and that the pattern or practice is of such a nature and is intended to deny the full exercise of the rights herein described, the Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate district court of the United States by filing with it a complaint (1) signed by him (or in his absence the Acting Attorney General), (2) setting forth facts pertaining to such pattern or practice, and (3) requesting such relief, including an application for a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order or other order against the person or persons responsible for such pattern or practice, as he deems necessary to insure the full enjoyment of the rights herein described.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. United States v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. · 4 Fair empl.prac.cas. 719, 4 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 7790 United States of America v. International Longshoremen's Association, an Unincorporated Association, Atlantic Coast District, International Longshoremen's Association, an Unincorporated Association, Locals 829 and 858, I. L. A., Baltimore, Maryland, Unincorporated Associations, United States of America v. International Longshoremen's Association, an Unincorporated Association, Atlantic Coast District, International Longshoremen's Association, an Unincorporated Association, Locals 829 and 858, I. L. A., Baltimore, Maryland, Unincorporated Associations“In racial discrimination cases, statistics often demonstrate more than the testimony of many witnesses, and they should be given proper effect by the courts. Jones v. Lee Way Motor Freight, Inc., ( 431 F.2d 245 (10th Cir. 1970));”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.