Armstrong v. O'CONNELL’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
2 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 11 later decisions — most recently February 1994
2 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Washington v. Davis · Cooper v. Aaron · Keyes v. School District No 1 Denver Colorado · Rodriguez v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 11 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““ * * * defendants undertook a systematic program designed to prevent whites from being required to attend classes with large numbers of blacks,” Armstrong v. O’Connell, 451 F.Supp. 817, 866 (E.D.Wis.1978),”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence““ * * * the defendants acted with a discriminatory intent in their decisions and actions respecting boundary changes, site selection, and school construction.” Armstrong v. O’Connell, 451 F.Supp. 817, 866 (E.D.Wis.1978).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“The requirements of the Constitution cannot be avoided by a fragmentation of authority among various government agents.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.