Watt v. Page’s Empirical Analysis
452 F.2d 1174 · 1972
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 31 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2019 · most notably Estelle v. Williams (1976), United States v. Lamont S. Carter, United States of America v. Jerome R. Patterson, United States of America v. Jerome R. Patterson (1975)
16 federal appellate · 13 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Harrington v. California · Beto v. Hernandez · Eaddy v. People · Hernandez v. Beto
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““A deliberate purpose to be so tried may be found from the failure to object to trial in jail clothing unless the trial court is persuaded that the lack of objection resulted from circumstances that unfairly caused the defendant to forego an objection or to request to be tried in other clothing. These must be circumstances which were not a part of trial strategy.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We held in Chapman v. California That 'before a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.' We said that . . . not all 'trial errors which violate the Constitution automatically call for reversal.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Estelle v. Williams
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.