Williams v. Bayers’s Empirical Analysis
1990
Citation profile
4
cited by 4 later decisions
1
states following
May 2003
most recently cited
4 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Hoekstra v. Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co. · Willis v. City of Des Moines · Donnelly v. BD. OF TR. OF FIRE RET. SYSTEM
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 4 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a]ny claim based upon an act or omission of an officer or employee of the municipality', whether by issuance of permit, inspection, investigation, or otherwise ... if the damage was caused by a third party, event, or property not under the supervision or control of the municipality, unless the act or omission of the officer or employee constitutes actual malice or a criminal offense.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.