George L. Downing, William H. Merrill v. Robert L. Kunzig’s Empirical Analysis
454 F.2d 1230 · 1972
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 71 later decisions — most recently December 2019 · most notably United States v. Davis (1973), 43 Cal. 3d 1321 - Ingersoll v. Palmer (1987)
34 federal appellate · 20 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Dennis v. California · United States v. Cassiagnol · In re Trials of Pending & Future Criminal Cases
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 71 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“`would as a practical matter seriously impair the power of government to protect itself against ruthless forces bent upon its destruction'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“The Federal Building in Detroit is one of significant importance. It is a ten-story building, housing eleven federal district courts, the offices of congressional and senatorial representatives, the chambers of two members of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, and numerous other federal agencies. Ordinarily of course a person should not have his person or property subjected to a search in the absence of a warrant or probable cause to believe that a crime is being committed. Yet to relax the strictures of this rule in the special circumstances shown to exist in this case can in our view have no undermining effect on the protections afforded by the Fourth Amendment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Gibson v. State“The “searches” considered here involve no confiscation of legitimate property, no personal inspection of confidential papers, and no undue restraint on freedom of movement. The only intrusion is a brief stop and a cursory examination of packages or briefcases to determine the possible existence of articles having a potential of danger.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.