United States v. Maher’s Empirical Analysis
454 F.3d 13 · 2006
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 6 district · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 59 later decisions — most recently May 2025 · most notably United States v. Mejia (2008), United States v. Hicks (2009)
32 federal appellate · 6 district · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Crawford v. Washington · Ornelas v. United States · United States v. Mendenhall
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 59 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“testimony based on the lay expertise a witness personally acquires through experience, often on the job”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a declarant's 'testimonial' out-of-court statement is not admissible under the Confrontation Clause unless (1) the declarant testifies, or (2) the defendant had a prior opportunity for cross-examination and the declarant is unavailable, or (3) the evidence is admitted for purposes other than establishing the truth of the matter asserted.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]hen an out-of-court statement is purportedly offered into evidence as non-hearsay -- for example, to provide context for police action or inaction -- we are concerned about whether the stated purpose for introducing the evidence masks an attempt to evade Crawford and the normal restrictions on hearsay.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.