Citizens for Equal Protection v. Bruning’s Empirical Analysis
455 F.3d 859 · 2006
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 9 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 50 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably 135 S. Ct. 2584 - Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health (2008)
21 federal appellate · 9 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ex Parte: Edward T Young · City of Cleburne Texas v. Cleburne Living Center · Broadrick v. Oklahoma · Pennoyer v. Neff · Sosna v. Iowa
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Appellees argue that [Nebraska’s constitutional amendment] violates the Equal Protection Clause because it raises an insurmountable political barrier to same-sex couples obtaining the many governmental and private sector benefits that are based upon a legally valid marriage relationship. Appellees do not assert a right to marriage or same-sex unions. Rather, they seek “a level playing field, an equal opportunity to convince the people’s elected representatives that same-sex relationships deserve legal protection.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“`some connection with the enforcement' [of the law] and therefore this suit for equitable relief falls within the exception to the State's Eleventh Amendment immunity established in Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123, 157 , 28 S.Ct. 441 , 52 L.Ed. 714 (1908).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“enforce the State's Constitution and statutes,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.