United States v. Fields’s Empirical Analysis
456 F.3d 519 · 2006
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 18 later decisions — most recently June 2025
8 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Carroll v. United States · Coolidge v. New Hampshire · United States v. Ross · New York v. Belton
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The automobile exception allows police to search a vehicle if they have probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.