United States v. Bell’s Empirical Analysis
457 F.2d 1231 · 1972
Citation profile
87 federal appellate · 1 district · 55 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 175 later decisions — most recently August 2016 · most notably United States v. Bright (1980), United States v. Burke (1975)
87 federal appellate · 1 district · 55 state decisions — followed in 25 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on North Carolina v. Pearce · Aguilar v. Texas · Chimel v. California · Spinelli v. United States · McMann v. Richardson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 175 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“. . . that Aguilar and Spinelli requirements are limited to the informant situation only.”
23 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“While the better practice would have been to frame the charge in the alternative, the contention is without merit. Under 18 U.S.C.A. Sec. 2 (1969) an aider and abettor is a principal and can be punished as such.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.