United States v. Shields’s Empirical Analysis
458 F.3d 269 · 2006
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 58 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably United States v. Vosburgh (2010), United States v. Falso (2008)
8 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2252A (§ 101 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996) · 18 U.S.C. § 2256 · 18 U.S.C. § 3231 · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Illinois v. Gates · United States v. Leon · Franks v. Delaware · Ybarra v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 58 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““[w]here a defendant demonstrates by a preponderance of the evidence ‘that a false statement knowingly and intentionally, or with reckless disregard for the truth, was included by the affiant in the warrant affidavit, and [that] the allegedly false statement is necessary to the finding of probable cause,’ the Fourth Amendment requires that ‘the fruits of the search’ be excluded ‘to the same extent as if probable cause was lacking on the face of the affidavit.’ ””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“make a practical commonsense decision whether, given all the circumstances set forth in the affidavit before him... there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place. And the duty of a reviewing court is simply to ensure that the [issuing judge] had a ‘substantial basis for . . . concluding’ that probable cause existed.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. People v. John“we review its factual findings for clear error and exercise plenary review over its legal determinations. Where, as here, a [trial] court, in reviewing a [judge’s] determination of probable cause, bases its probable cause ruling on facts contained in an affidavit, we exercise plenary review over the [trial] court’s decision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. People v. John
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.