Toll v. Moreno’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
131 federal appellate · 48 district · 67 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 383 later decisions (10 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably Hudson v. Palmer (1984), Arizona v. United States (2012)
131 federal appellate · 48 district · 67 state decisions — followed in 16 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedMoreno v. University of Maryland (from Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Monroe v. Pape · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Dandridge v. Williams · McGowan v. State of Maryland Gallagher · Weinberger v. Salfi
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 383 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[States] ... can neither add to nor take from the conditions lawfully imposed by Congress upon admission, naturalization and residence of aliens in the United States .... State laws which impose discriminatory burdens upon the entrance or residence of aliens lawfully within the United States conflict with this constitutionally derived federal power to regulate immigration, and have accordingly been held invalid.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“long recognized the preeminent role of the Federal Government with respect to the regulation of aliens within our borders”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.