Rogers v. Lodge’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
312 federal appellate · 53 district · 37 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 930 later decisions (83 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025 · most notably Hernandez v. New York (1991), Employment Division Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. L Smith (1990)
312 federal appellate · 53 district · 37 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · Baker v. Carr · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Washington v. Davis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 930 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[D]etermining the existence of a discriminatory purpose 'demands a sensitive inquiry into such circumstantial and direct evidence as may be available.' " Clients' Council v. Pierce , 711 F.2d 1406 , 1409 (8th Cir. 1983) (quoting Rogers v. Lodge , 458 U.S. 613 , 618, 102 S.Ct. 3272 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1012 (1982) ). This standard requires examining the "totality of the relevant facts,”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“an intensely local appraisal of the design and impact”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Voting along racial lines allows those elected to ignore black interests without fear of political consequences, and without bloc voting the minority candidates would not lose elections solely because of their race.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.