Dombrowski v. Dowling’s Empirical Analysis
459 F.2d 190 · 1972
Citation profile
93 federal appellate · 23 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 271 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2018 · most notably Copperweld Corporation v. Independence Tube Corporation (1984), United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America, Local 610 v. Scott (1983)
93 federal appellate · 23 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 241 (Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996) · 18 U.S.C. § 242 · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1982 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000A (Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · Griffin v. Breckenridge · Shapiro v. Thompson · Screws v. United States · Shelley v. Kraemer
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 271 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“fact that two or more agents participated in the decision or in the act itself will normally not”
22 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire or go in disguise on the highway or on the premises of another, for the purpose of depriving, either directly or indirectly, any person or class or persons of the equal protection of the laws, or of equal privileges and immunities under the laws; ... in any case of conspiracy set forth in this section, if one or more persons engaged therein do, or cause to be done, any act in furtherance of the object of such conspiracy, whereby another is injured in his person or property, or deprived of having and exercising any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States, the party so injured or deprived may have an action for the recovery of damages, occasioned by such injury or deprivation, against any one or more of the conspirators.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The breadth of the statute’s coverage is yet to be determined, but three categories of protected rights have been plainly identified. Griffin gives express recognition to a black citizen’s Thirteenth Amendment rights and to his federal right to travel interstate; the title of the statute expressly identifies the third category, namely, rights protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. We think the § 1983 eases make it clear that in this third category a “state involvement” requirement must survive Griffin.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Scott v. Moore · Scott v. Moore
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.