459 F. Supp. 347 - Selzer v. Berkowitz’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 18 later decisions — most recently February 2006
6 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985 · 42 U.S.C. § 1986
Relies on Griffin v. Breckenridge · Snowden v. Hughes · Collins v. Hardyman · Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer · Podell v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]t must be noted and emphasized ... that the concern of the Supreme Court in Griffin , and of the legislators in so limiting the scope of 1985(3), was with its possible extension to any and all private conspiracies____ To argue ... that the concern voiced by the legislators and the Supreme Court over the propriety and legitimacy of excessive prohibition of purely private conspiracies also applies to conspiracies involving state action is to subvert the obvious legislative intent. It is simply inconceivable to this Court that the legislators who framed Section 1985(3), as well as the Supreme Court that decided the Griffin case, did not intend that it apply to any and all conspiracies involving state action which threaten deprivation of rights protected under the statute, even if such conspiracies are not motivated by a class-based discriminatory animus and are simply directed solely at the individual.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Stevens v. Rifkin“[Gjiven a conspiracy involving state action, fulfillment of the Griffin prerequisite of a class-based invidiously discriminatory animus is not required; the conspired deprivation of “equal protection of the laws” or “equal privileges and immunities .under the law” arising by virtue of the presence of state action.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.