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Appellate Court Date: 2022.08.30
13:53:38 -05'00'
Smith v. Hobart, 2021 IL App (4th) 190756
Appellate Court PAUL SMITH, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SUSAN HOBART, DANIEL
Caption HOBART, PAUL GRIFFITH, BART RAMNEY, and MICHAEL
MELVIN, Defendants-Appellees.
District & No. Fourth District
No. 4-19-0756
Filed July 30, 2021
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Livingston County, No. 18-L-2; the
Review Hon. Robert M. Travers, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Reversed and remanded.
Counsel on Paul Smith, of Pontiac, appellant pro se.
Appeal
Kwame Raoul, Attorney General, of Chicago (Jane Elinor Notz,
Solicitor General, and Mary C. LaBrec, Assistant Attorney General,
of counsel), for appellees.
Panel JUSTICE DeARMOND delivered the judgment of the court, with
opinion.
Justices Harris and Holder White concurred in the judgment and
opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Plaintiff, Paul Smith, appeals from the Livingston County circuit court’s dismissal of his
complaint alleging defendants, who are various Illinois Department of Corrections
(Department) employees, violated his constitutional rights while plaintiff was incarcerated at
Pontiac Correctional Center (Pontiac). Defendants concede that under Williams v. Wexford
Health Sources, 957 F.3d 828, 832-35 (7th Cir. 2020), the circuit court’s dismissal of plaintiff’s
complaint was erroneous. We accept defendants’ concession and reverse and remand the
matter for further proceedings.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 In December 2017, plaintiff pro se filed a complaint under section 1983 of Title 42 of the
United States Code, commonly referred to as the federal Civil Rights Act (42 U.S.C. § 1983
(2012)), alleging defendants violated his rights under the eighth amendment to the United
States Constitution (U.S. Const., amend. VIII). Specifically, plaintiff alleged that his health
was endangered while working in the inmate kitchen at Pontiac because it was severely
infested with mice and cockroaches.
¶4 Defendants filed a combined motion to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint under section 2-619.1
of the Code of Civil Procedure (Civil Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619.1 (West 2016)). Defendants
argued dismissal was proper (1) under section 2-619 of the Civil Code (id. § 2-619) because
plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative remedies before filing his complaint, or
alternatively, (2) under section 2-615 of the Civil Code (id. § 2-615) because plaintiff failed to
state a claim upon which relief could be granted.
¶5 Specifically, and as relevant to this appeal, defendants argued that plaintiff’s failure to
resubmit his grievance under the standard procedure after the denial of emergency status by
both Michael Melvin (the warden) and the Administrative Review Board (ARB) was
insufficient to exhaust his administrative remedies. Defendants noted that, following that
decision, Department officials informed plaintiff that he must resubmit the grievance under the
standard procedures if he wished to pursue his claim. However, the plaintiff refused.
Defendants noted that the Department amended its regulations in April 2017 to reflect “its
actual policy and practice” of requiring inmates to resubmit grievances that did not qualify as
emergencies. See 41 Ill. Reg. 3869 (eff. Apr. 1, 2017) (codified at 20 Ill. Adm. Code 504.840
(2017) (the 2017 amendment)).
¶6 Plaintiff filed a response, arguing that the resubmission rule did not apply to him because
he submitted his emergency grievance prior to the 2017 amendment and several federal cases
held that an emergency grievance need not be resubmitted in order to exhaust one’s
administrative remedies under the prior version of the regulation.
¶7 In February 2019, the circuit court denied defendants’ motion under section 2-619 (735
ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2016)) but allowed it in part under section 2-615 (id. § 2-615). The court
struck the complaint but gave plaintiff leave to refile within 30 days. Although plaintiff did not
refile his complaint within 30 days—the record shows he appears to have misunderstood the
court’s refiling directive—he filed several other pleadings between March and May 2019. In
July 2019, the court held a status hearing where it ordered that plaintiff file an amended
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complaint within 14 days or risk dismissal with prejudice. The court then struck plaintiff’s
March, April, and May 2019 pleadings.
¶8 In August 2019, plaintiff filed an amended complaint. Defendants filed another motion to
dismiss, which was substantially similar to their previous motion. The circuit court allowed
defendants’ motion under section 2-619 (id. § 2-619), concluding that plaintiff failed to exhaust
his administrative remedies. Plaintiff filed a motion to reconsider, arguing that prior to the
2017 amendment, no rule existed requiring inmates to resubmit a grievance after being notified
it would not be considered on an emergency basis. The circuit court denied plaintiff’s motion.
¶9 This appeal followed.
¶ 10 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 11 On appeal, plaintiff argues the circuit erred when it allowed defendants’ motion to dismiss
his complaint under section 2-619 of the Civil Code (id.) because plaintiff had exhausted his
administrative remedies and was not required to resubmit his grievance following the
determination it would not be handled on an emergency basis. The State agrees, conceding
that, under Williams, 957 F.3d at 832-35, plaintiff had exhausted all of his administrative
remedies, and, therefore, this court should reverse and remand for further proceedings on the
merits of plaintiff’s eighth amendment claim. We accept the State’s concession and reverse
and remand for further proceedings.
¶ 12 A. Standard of Review and Exhaustion
¶ 13 A motion under section 2-619.1 allows a party to “combine a section 2-615 motion to
dismiss based upon a plaintiff’s substantially insufficient pleadings with a section 2-619
motion to dismiss based upon certain defects or defenses.” Edelman, Combs & Latturner v.
Hinshaw & Culbertson, 338 Ill. App. 3d 156, 164,
788 N.E.2d 740, 747 (2003). On appeal, the
trial court’s dismissal of a complaint under section 2-619.1 is reviewed de novo. Morris v.
Harvey Cycle & Camper, Inc., 392 Ill. App. 3d 399, 402,
911 N.E.2d 1049, 1052 (2009).
¶ 14 In this case, plaintiff brought his eighth amendment claim under section 1983 of the Civil
Rights Act (42 U.S.C. § 1983 (2012)), and therefore it was subject to the federal Prison
Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) (id. § 1997e(a)). See Beahringer v. Page, 204 Ill. 2d
363, 371,
789 N.E.2d 1216, 1222 (2003) (noting that the PLRA applies to claims brought under
section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act). Section 1997e(a) of the PLRA states, “No action shall
be brought with respect to prison conditions under section 1983 of this title, or any other
Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such
administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e (2012). In other
words, “unless a prisoner takes each step within the administrative process, he will be
foreclosed from litigating [citation] and the trial court should dismiss the litigation without
prejudice [citation].” Toney v. Briley, 351 Ill. App. 3d 295, 297,
813 N.E.2d 758, 760 (2004).
We agree with the State that, under this standard, plaintiff was required to follow the procedure
for emergency grievances set forth in the Department’s regulations in order to exhaust his
administrative remedies prior to filing his section 1983 complaint.
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¶ 15 B. Emergency Grievance Procedure
¶ 16 In Illinois, there are several ways in which an incarcerated person may raise a grievance
regarding the conditions of his confinement. For more routine complaints, the Department has
set forth a three-stage process codified at section 504.830 of Title 20 of the Illinois
Administrative Code (20 Ill. Adm. Code 504.830 (2017)). The Department has a separate
procedure for “emergency grievances.” An emergency is an issue presenting “substantial risk
of imminent personal injury or other serious or irreparable harm to the offender.” 20 Ill. Adm.
Code 504.840 (2017). Prior to April 2017, section 504.840 of Title 20 of the Illinois
Administrative Code described the emergency grievance procedure as follows:
“An offender may request a grievance be handled on an emergency basis by
forwarding the grievance directly to the Chief Administrative Officer.
a) If the Chief Administrative Officer determines that there is a substantial risk of
imminent personal injury or other serious or irreparable harm to the offender, the
grievance shall be handled on an emergency basis.
b) The Chief Administrative Officer shall expedite processing of the grievance and
respond to the offender, indicating what action shall be or has been taken.” 20 Ill. Adm.
Code 504.840, amended at 27 Ill. Reg. 6214 (eff. May 1, 2003).
In April 2017, the Department amended section 504.840 to add subsection (c), which states,
“If the Chief Administrative Officer determines that the grievance should not be handled on
an emergency basis, the offender shall be notified in writing that he or she may resubmit the
grievance as non-emergent, in accordance with the standard grievance process.” 20 Ill. Adm.
Code 504.840 (2017).
¶ 17 While this appeal was pending, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
issued a decision in Williams, 957 F.3d 828. While we are not bound by federal decisions in
matters of Illinois law, we find the Williams court’s decision well-reasoned and therefore
persuasive. See CenterPoint Properties Trust v. Olde Prairie Block Owner, LLC, 398 Ill. App.
3d 388, 395,
923 N.E.2d 878, 885 (2010).
¶ 18 In Williams, an inmate incarcerated at Pontiac filed several emergency grievances with the
warden, alleging he was not receiving adequate health care in connection with a cataract
diagnosis. Williams, 957 F.3d at 830. The warden disagreed that the inmate’s grievances
constituted emergencies and directed him to resubmit them under the standard procedure. Id.
at 830-31. The inmate appealed the rejection of his second emergency grievance to the ARB,
but it returned the grievance without a decision on the merits, citing the inmate’s failure to
follow the standard procedure. Id. at 831. The inmate thereafter filed a complaint in the district
court, seeking relief under section 1983 for alleged violations of his constitutional rights. Id.
The defendant health care provider filed a motion to dismiss the inmate’s section 1983
complaint, arguing the inmate had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, and the district
court agreed. Id.
¶ 19 On appeal, the Seventh Circuit explained that, prior to the Department’s 2017 amendment,
the Illinois Administrative Code “did not expressly address what should happen if the warden
concludes that the grievance does not present an emergency.” (Emphasis in original.) Id. at
832. Relying on the plain language of the regulation prior to the 2017 amendment, the court
noted that “nowhere in the [Illinois Administrative] Code did it say that an inmate who invoked
the emergency process in a non-frivolous way had to start all over again with the standard
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procedure whenever the warden concluded that no emergency existed.” Id. at 833.
Accordingly, the court concluded that the inmate “did enough under the 2016 version of the
[Illinois Administrative] Code to exhaust his remedies.” Id.
¶ 20 C. This Case
¶ 21 Here, we agree with the parties—and the Williams court—that at the time plaintiff filed his
section 1983 complaint, he had exhausted all of his administrative remedies. Like the inmate
in Williams, when plaintiff filed his emergency grievance, he was subject to the Department’s
regulations regarding emergency grievance procedures as they existed in 2016. That version
did not require an inmate to resubmit a grievance under the standard procedure after being
notified by the warden that the grievance would not be handled on an emergency basis.
Therefore, when plaintiff filed his emergency grievance with the warden and appealed to the
ARB, he “did enough under the 2016 version of the [Illinois Administrative] Code to exhaust
his remedies.” See id. We conclude that the circuit court erred when it allowed the defendants’
motion to dismiss under section 2-619 of the Civil Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2016)), and
we reverse and remand for further proceedings. In reaching this conclusion, we express no
opinion on the merits of plaintiff’s section 1983 claim.
¶ 22 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 23 For the reasons stated, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Livingston County
and remand for further proceedings.
¶ 24 Reversed and remanded.
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