Wyrick v. Fields’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
134 federal appellate · 36 district · 381 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 716 later decisions (50 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2024 · most notably Delaware v. Fensterer (1985), Oregon v. Bradshaw (1983)
134 federal appellate · 36 district · 381 state decisions — followed in 42 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedFields v. Wyrick (from Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Johnson v. Zerbst · Edwards v. Arizona · Powell v. State of Alabama Patterson · Rhode Island v. Innis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 716 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“to forget the rights of which he had been advised and which he had understood moments before.”
31 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“If, as frequently would occur in the course of a meeting initiated by the accused, the conversation is not wholly one-sided, it is likely that the officers will say or do something that clearly would be “interrogation.” In that event, the question would be whether a valid waiver of the right to counsel and the right to silence had occurred, that is, whether the purported waiver was knowing and intelligent and found to be so under the totality of the circumstances, including the necessary fact that the accused, not the police, reopened the dialogue with the authorities.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“when an accused has invoked his right to have counsel present during custodial interrogation, a valid waiver of that right cannot be established by showing only that he responded to further police-initiated custodial interrogation even if he has been advised of his rights. We further hold that an accused such as Edwards, having expressed his desire to deal with the police only through counsel, is not subject to further interrogation by the authorities until counsel has been made available to him, unless the accused himself initiates further communication, exchanges or conversations with the police.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.