United States v. Lambert’s Empirical Analysis
46 F.3d 1064 · 1995
Citation profile
48 federal appellate · 10 district · 30 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 109 later decisions — most recently June 2021 · most notably Ferris v. State (1999), United States v. Wood (1997)
48 federal appellate · 10 district · 30 state decisions — followed in 16 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall · United States v. Cortez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 109 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[W]hat began as a consensual encounter quickly became an investigative detention once the agents received Mr. Lambert's driver's license and did not return it to him.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]hen law enforcement officials retain an individual's driver's license in the course of questioning him, that individual, as a general rule, will not reasonably feel free to terminate the encounter.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. People v. Paynter · State v. Taylor“A seizure by means of an investigative detention is constitutional only if supported by a reasonable and articulable suspicion that the person seized is engaged in criminal activity.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.