Knapp v. Leonardo’s Empirical Analysis
46 F.3d 170 · 1995
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 61 later decisions — most recently September 2014 · most notably Fama v. Commissioner of Correctional Services (2000), United States v. Sabhnani (2010)
12 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Blockburger v. United States · Delaware v. Van Arsdall · Irvin v. Dowd · Lockhart v. Fretwell
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 61 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Whether defendant was a seller or was merely acting as an agent of the buyer was a question of fact for the jury. Here, defendant engaged in three separate drug transactions, was able to obtain crack cocaine each time on short notice, demonstrated familiarity with drug “slang”, and, according to the undercover police officer [Alvarado], was willing to deal with him after he was introduced to defendant by a confidential informant known to defendant. Additionally, defendant’s credibility was impeached on cross-examination with evidence of a prior conviction of criminal sale of a controlled substance. Viewing that evidence in the light most favorable to the People, we conclude that the People presented legally sufficient evidence to establish that defendant was the seller of a controlled substance and not an agent of the buyer[.]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“A person acts recklessly with respect to a result or to a circumstance described by a statute defining an offense when he is aware of and consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such result will occur or that such circumstance exists. The risk must be of such nature and degree that disregard thereof constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation....”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Pawlowski v. Kelly“submit in the alternative any lesser included offense if there is a reasonable view of the evidence which would support a finding that the defendant committed such lesser offense but did not commit the greater. If there is no reasonable view of the evidence which would support such a finding, the court may not submit such lesser offense.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Bien v. Smith
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.