Palmer v. Board of Education of Community Unit School District 201-U’s Empirical Analysis
46 F.3d 682 · 1995
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 67 later decisions — most recently October 2019 · most notably Venters v. City of Delphi (1997), Jackson v. Marion County (1995)
35 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Landgraf v. USI Film Products · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Wilson v. Garcia · Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit · Patterson v. McLean Credit Union
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 67 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]f, as plaintiffs believe, the school board's explanation for closing Deer Creek is a pretext for discrimination, then each year's decision to leave the building shuttered is a new violation....”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[w]hen a collective body ... takes a complex series of actions over a span of years, it may be difficult to pin down individual responsibility without discovery”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Suppose the school board had voted in 1980 to provide white pupils, but not black pupils, with school books. A child whose parents neglected to sue during his first two years in school [the length of the statute of limitations period] would not be doomed to another 10 years of education .without books. Each time the teacher passed out books to white children while withholding them from blacks would be a new injury and start a new period to sue. That the school district had committed similar wrongs in the past would not give it an easement across the Constitution, allowing it to perpetuate additional wrongs.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.