Block v. Neal’s Empirical Analysis
1983
Citation profile
227 federal appellate · 116 district · 43 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 663 later decisions (22 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Mitchell (1983), United States v. Nordic Village, Inc. (1992)
227 federal appellate · 116 district · 43 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedNeal v. Bergland (from Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Indian Towing Company v. United States · United States v. Muniz · United States v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. · United States v. Brown
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 663 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he essence of an action for misrepresentation, whether negligent or intentional, is the communication of misinformation on which the recipient relies”
22 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[n]either the language nor history of the act suggests that when one aspect of the Government's conduct is not actionable under the 'misrepresentation' exception, a claimant is barred from pursuing a distinct claim arising out of other aspects of the Government's conduct.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“duty to use due care in obtaining and communicating information upon which that party may reasonably be expected to rely in the conduct of his economic affairs, is only to state the traditional and commonly understood legal definition of the tort of 'negligent misrepresentation,' ... which there is every reason to believe Congress had in mind when it placed the word 'misrepresentation' before the word 'deceit' in 2680(h)”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.