United States v. Leftwich’s Empirical Analysis
461 F.2d 586 · 1972
Citation profile
30 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 47 later decisions — most recently February 2015 · most notably Wilhelm v. State (1974), United States v. Somers (1974)
30 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Glasser v. United States · Berger v. United States · United States v. Ventresca · Massiah v. United States · United States v. Harris
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 47 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Trials are rarely, if ever, perfect and improprieties of argument by counsel to the jury do not call for a new trial unless they are so gross as probably to prejudice the defendant and the prejudice had not been neutralized by the trial judge before submission of the case to the jury.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.