United States v. Frith’s Empirical Analysis
461 F.3d 914 · 2006
Citation profile
30 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably United States v. Schroeder (2008), United States v. Webber (2008)
30 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 15 U.S.C. § 780 · 15 U.S.C. § 78O (§ 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) · 15 U.S.C. § 78Q (§ 17 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) · 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990) · 18 U.S.C. § 1014 · 18 U.S.C. § 1344 · 18 U.S.C. § 1365 (Federal Anti-Tampering Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 16
Relies on United States v. Booker · United States v. Watts · Hughey v. United States · United States v. Paladino · United States v. Solis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A loss determination must be based on the conduct of conviction and relevant conduct that is criminal or unlawful, and the government must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the loss amount is attributable to that criminal or unlawful conduct.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] victim of the malpractice of [Frith's broker-dealership]'s auditor is not a victim of Frith's crime [of operating his broker-dealership without enough money in its reserve accounts], at least not directly”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the district court used inappropriate factors or did not exercise discretion at all.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.