Commonwealth v. Carlos’s Empirical Analysis
1975
Citation profile
40 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions — most recently July 2007 · most notably Commonwealth v. Williams (1978), Commonwealth v. Hoss (1976)
40 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Commonwealth v. Allen · Commonwealth v. Banks · Commonwealth v. Hoffman · Commonwealth v. Martin · Commonwealth v. McNeal
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"A mere passing reference to photographs from which a reasonable inference of prior criminal activity cannot properly be drawn does not invalidate the proceedings since there has been no prejudice as a result of the reference . . . Id. 448 Pa. at 181 , 292 A.2d at 375 .”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“"In other words, aside from the fact that a police detective displayed the photograph, there was nothing else linking it to the police. It is highly unlikely that a juror would conclude from this alone that Carlos (defendant) had engaged in prior criminal conduct. Thus, ‘there was nothing that should reasonably suggest to a jury that the photographs were obtained by police officials as a result of defendant’s prior criminal activity.’ ” Id. 462 Pa. at 266 , 341 A.2d at 73 . [Citations omitted.]”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““[T]he controlling question is whether or not a juror could reasonably infer from the facts presented that the accused had engaged in prior criminal activity.” Id. at 265 , 341 A.2d at 72 , quoting Commonwealth v. Allen, 448 Pa. 177, 181 , 292 A.2d 373, 375 (1972) (emphasis added).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.