Karcher v. Daggett’s Empirical Analysis
1983
Citation profile
70 federal appellate · 64 district · 132 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 602 later decisions (45 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2023 · most notably Batson v. Kentucky (1986), City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. (1989)
70 federal appellate · 64 district · 132 state decisions — followed in 26 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2284
Relies on Baker v. Carr · Reynolds v. Sims · Williams v. Rhodes · Mansion House Center South Redevelopment Co. v. United States · Jacobellis v. Ohio
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 602 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Any number of consistently applied legislative policies might justify some variance, including, for instance, making districts compact, respecting municipal boundaries, preserving the cores of prior districts, and avoiding contests between incumbent Representatives. As long as the criteria are nondiscriminatory, ..., these are all legitimate objectives that ... could justify minor population deviations.””
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[t]he showing required to justify population deviations is flexible, depending on the size of the deviations, the importance of the State's interests, the consistency with which the plan as a whole reflects those interests, and the availability of alternatives that might substantially vindicate those interests yet approximate population equality more closely.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“good faith effort to achieve precise mathematical equality.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.