Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha’s Empirical Analysis
1983
Citation profile
1,106 federal appellate · 437 district · 430 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,399 later decisions (220 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (1992), Landgraf v. USI Film Products (1994)
1,106 federal appellate · 437 district · 430 state decisions — followed in 37 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedChadha v. Immigration & Naturalization Service (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 10 U.S.C. § 7422 · 12 U.S.C. § 2121 · 12 U.S.C. § 461 (§ 19 of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913) · 15 U.S.C. § 2083 · 16 U.S.C. § 1432 · 19 U.S.C. § 1981 · 19 U.S.C. § 2253 (Meat Import Act of 1979) · 20 U.S.C. § 1089
Relies on Baker v. Carr · Buckley v. Valeo · Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder · United States v. Nixon · Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority
Cited together with Buckley v. Valeo · Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer · Bowsher v. Synar · Baker v. Carr · Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,399 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“because congressional approval is indicated by the failure to veto, the one-House veto satisfies the requirement of bicameral approval”
30 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department; or a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving it; or the impossibility of deciding without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion; or the impossibility of a court's undertaking independent resolution without expressing lack of the respect due coordinate branches of government; or an unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made; or the potentiality of embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question.”
25 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“The hydraulic pressure inherent within each of the separate Branches to exceed the outer limits of its power, even to accomplish desirable objectives, must be resisted.”
25 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.