United States v. Sutherland’s Empirical Analysis
463 F.2d 641 · 1972
Citation profile
48 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently April 2019 · most notably United States v. James (1976), United States v. Herbert (1983)
48 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on Glasser v. United States · Holland v. United States · Allen v. United States · Nye & Nissen v. United States · Michelson v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“reflects flight and concealment, both of which are evidence of the consciousness of guilt and therefore evidence of guilt itself.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““[In] criminal cases based on circumstantial evidence our task is to determine whether reasonable minds could conclude that the evidence is inconsistent with the hypothesis of the accused’s innocence. United States v. Andrews, 5 Cir. 1970, 427 F.2d 539 , 540; Surrett v. United States, 5 Cir. 1970, 421 F.2d 403 , 405. Notwithstanding these differences, which some might term verbalistic, we are in agreement with our brothers in other circuits that where the evidence be direct or circumstantial, the matter of the defendant’s guilt is for the jury to decide unless the court concludes that the jury must necessarily have had a reasonable doubt.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.