Gray v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 96 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 97 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably People v. Lowe (1983), Whitton v. State (1970)
1 federal appellate · 96 state decisions — followed in 25 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Stovall v. Denno · Benton v. Maryland · Johnson v. State of New Jersey · Linkletter v. Walker
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 97 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he judge must take the view of the evidence and the inferences therefrom most favorable to the state. If the court determines that fair-minded men in the exercise of reasonable judgment could differ on the question of whether guilt has been established beyond a reasonable doubt, then the case must be submitted to the jury, [footnote omitted]”
5 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Tarnef v. State · Wylie v. State“Although there are several ways of committing first-degree murder, it is still only one crime; and only one sentence can be imposed. We believe it is sound to allow multiple theories to be presented to the jury and not to force the jury to choose between them.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Gieffels v. State · Bendle v. State“First degree murder. A person who, being of sound memory and discretion, purposely, and either of deliberate and premeditated malice or by means of poison, or in perpetrating or in attempting to perpetrate, rape, arson, robbery, or burglary kills another, is guilty of murder in the first degree, and shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than 20 years to life.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Gieffels v. State · Bendle v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.