Solem v. Stumes’s Empirical Analysis
1984
Citation profile
317 federal appellate · 32 district · 450 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,121 later decisions (74 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025 · most notably Batson v. Kentucky (1986), United States v. Leon (1984)
317 federal appellate · 32 district · 450 state decisions — followed in 41 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedStumes v. Solem (from Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Katz v. United States · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Johnson v. Zerbst · Gideon v. Wainwright
Cited together with Edwards v. Arizona · Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · United States v. Johnson · Linkletter v. Walker · Oregon v. Bradshaw
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,121 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“As a rule, judicial decisions apply `retroactively.' Indeed, a legal system based on precedent has a built-in presumption of retroactivity.”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'[t]he criteria guiding resolution of the [retroactivity] question implicate (a) the purpose to be served by the new standards, (b) the extent of the reliance by law enforcement authorities on the old standards, and (c) the effect on the administration of justice of a retroactive application of the new standards.' Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293 , 297 [87 S.Ct. 1967, 1970, 18 L.Ed.2d 1199] (1967).”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Edwards established a bright-line rule to safeguard pre-existing rights,”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.