United States v. Telfaire’s Empirical Analysis
469 F.2d 552 · 1972
Citation profile
170 federal appellate · 9 district · 314 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 525 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably State v. Cook (1992), Commonwealth v. Bowden (1980)
170 federal appellate · 9 district · 314 state decisions — followed in 42 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 291
Relies on United States v. Wade · Simmons v. United States · Stovall v. Denno · Gilbert v. California · Quercia v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 525 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““You may also take into account that an identification made by picking the defendant out of a group of similar individuals is generally more reliable than one which results from the presentation of the defendant alone to the witness.””
39 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““ ‘In this case, the defendant, Bryan [Allen], is of a different race than Gerald Kovacs, the witness who has identified him. You may consider, if you think it is appropriate to do so, whether the fact that the defendant is of a different race than the witness has affected the accuracy of the witness’ original perception or the accuracy of a later identification. You should consider that in ordinary human experience, some people may have greater difficulty in accurately identifying members of a different race than they do in identifying members of their own race. You may also consider whether there are other factors present in this case which overcome any such difficulty of identification.’ ” CP at 61-62.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“identification testimony presents special problems of reliability,”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.