Russo v. Central School District No. 1’s Empirical Analysis
469 F.2d 623 · 1972
Citation profile
44 federal appellate · 5 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 72 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Nader v. Allegheny Airlines, Inc. (1975), Ino Ino, Inc. v. City of Bellevue (1997)
44 federal appellate · 5 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · United States v. United States Gypsum Co. · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Perry v. Sindermann · Monroe v. Pape
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 72 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“ranks among the most important of our constitutional rights [; thus] we must recognize that the precious right of free speech requires protection even when the speech is personally obnoxious.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he degree of specificity and particularity with which the facts must be found may vary, depending upon the circumstances of each case,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““[Tjhere is no question, but that the refusal to recite the pledge and salute the flag is a form of expression, and it matters not that the expression takes the form of silence . . . .” (Russo v. Central School District, 469 F.2d 623, 631 (2d Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 932 , 93 S.Ct. 1899 , 36 L.Ed.2d 391 (1973).)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.