47 Cal. 3d 888 - People v. Farmer’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 222 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 226 later decisions — most recently July 2022 · most notably 53 Cal. 3d 771 - People v. Cooper (1991), 22 Cal. 4th 690 - People v. Waidla (2000)
3 federal appellate · 222 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ohio v. Roberts · California v. Green · Caldwell v. Mississippi · California v. Trombetta · Frye v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 226 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In one sense, a "spontaneous" utterance is one that is voluntary and is initiated by, or at least not elicited from, the speaker. * * * * * * But "spontaneous" may also be used in a slightly different sense: to describe actions undertaken without deliberation or reflection. * * * * * * The crucial element in determining whether a declaration is sufficiently reliable to be admissible under this exception to the hearsay rule is thus not the nature of the statement but the mental state of the speaker. The nature of the utterance how long it was made after the startling incident and whether the speaker blurted it out, for example may be important, but solely as an indicator of the mental state of the declarant. The fact that a statement is made in response to questioning is one factor suggesting the answer may be the product of deliberation, but it does not ipso facto deprive the statement of spontaneity.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“assured the jurors again and again that they did not have to `shoulder the burden of personal responsibility,' told them again and again that the law `protects' them from deciding what is `just and right,' and even encouraged them to `hide' behind the law.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“of such a character as to invite the jury to draw inferences favorable to one of the parties from specified items of evidence.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.