United States v. Cray’s Empirical Analysis
47 F.3d 1203 · 1995
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 18 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 68 later decisions — most recently January 2025 · most notably United States v. Hamilton (2007), United States v. Wilson (1996)
34 federal appellate · 18 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 18 U.S.C. § 924
Relies on Brady v. United States · Kercheval v. United States · United States v. Barker · Everett v. United States · Tomlinson v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 68 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“First, a defendant generally must make out a legally cognizable defense to the charge against him. Second, and most important, the defendant must show either an error in the taking of his plea or some “more substantial” reason he failed to press his case rather than plead guilty. Finally, if those two factors warrant, the court may then inquire whether the Government would have been substantially prejudiced by the delay in going to trial.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) whether the defendant has asserted a viable claim of innocence; (2) whether the delay between the guilty plea and the motion to withdraw has substantially prejudiced the government's ability to prosecute the case;and (3) whether the guilty plea was somehow tainted.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“affirmatively advance an objectively reasonable argument that he is innocent, for he has waived his right to try his luck before a jury.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.